Create a simple game menu with pygame pt. 2 – Recognising the mouse

Please note that I used python 2.7 for this tutorial. If you are using python3.x, this code may not work. There have been many changes that do not allow backwards compatibility. If you run into problems, these websites could be useful: http://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.0.html ; http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3113/ ; https://wiki.python.org/moin/Python2orPython3

Ok, folks it’s been awhile since I wrote my first part of Games Menu tutorial with pygame, but serendipity didn’t kiss me since then. I am trying to make up for this with the second part of my tutorial. We will cover the recognition of mouse movement. Again, like last time, the entire code is at the end of this blog entry.

The last time, we wrote the options we wanted to the screen and centred them. We used a list of list to do this. Today, we will start off by changing this list of list for a list of objects (MenuItems). This makes the entire thing easier to handle and clearer.

So just add this piece of code in between your imports and the GameMenu class.

class MenuItem(pygame.font.Font):
    def __init__(self, text, font=None, font_size=30,
                 font_color=(255, 255, 255), (pos_x, pos_y)=(0, 0)):
        pygame.font.Font.__init__(self, font, font_size)
        self.text = text
        self.font_size = font_size
        self.font_color = font_color
        self.label = self.render(self.text, 1, self.font_color)
        self.width = self.label.get_rect().width
        self.height = self.label.get_rect().height
        self.pos_x = pos_x
        self.pos_y = pos_y
        self.position = pos_x, pos_y

    def set_position(self, x, y):
        self.position = (x, y)
        self.pos_x = x
        self.pos_y = y

and replace this section:

        for index, item in enumerate(items):
            label = self.font.render(item, 1, font_color)

            width = label.get_rect().width
            height = label.get_rect().height

            posx = (self.scr_width / 2) - (width / 2)
            # t_h: total height of text block
            t_h = len(items) * height
            posy = (self.scr_height / 2) - (t_h / 2) + (index * height)

            self.items.append([item, label, (width, height), (posx, posy)])

for the following

        for index, item in enumerate(items):
            menu_item = MenuItem(item)

            # t_h: total height of text block
            t_h = len(items) * menu_item.height
            pos_x = (self.scr_width / 2) - (menu_item.width / 2)
            # This line includes a bug fix by Ariel (Thanks!)
            # Please check the comments section for an explanation
            pos_y = (self.scr_height / 2) - (t_h / 2) + ((index * 2) + index * menu_item.height)

            menu_item.set_position(pos_x, pos_y)
            self.items.append(menu_item)

and finally in the while mainloop: loop

            for name, label, (width, height), (posx, posy) in self.items:
                self.screen.blit(label, (posx, posy))

for

            for item in self.items:
                self.screen.blit(item.label, item.position)

Please have a look at what has been exchanged and you will find that it is essentially still all the same. All I did, was move all the info for the Font class into a separate class called MenuItem.
If you have questions about this change, please leave a comment with the sections, that need clarification.

The next point will be the recognition of whether the mouse pointer hovers over one of our menu items or not. To do this all we need to is figure out if the position of the mouse is within the boundaries. To this end, we will introduce a new method to our MenuItem class, called is_mouse_selection().

    def is_mouse_selection(self, (posx, posy)):
        if (posx >= self.pos_x and posx <= self.pos_x + self.width) and \
            (posy >= self.pos_y and posy <= self.pos_y + self.height):
                return True
        return False

This may look like much, but essentially we are just asking if mouse coordinates x and y are between the left and right border and the top and bottom border of MenuItem, respectively.

Furthermore, we obviously want something to happen, so that we know that something has been selected. This can be anything you want. I chose to change the color of the font. This is quite easy. We just need to write a short setter method and append it to the MenuItem class once more.

    def set_font_color(self, rgb_tuple):
        self.font_color = rgb_tuple
        self.label = self.render(self.text, 1, self.font_color)

I hope you can see by now, why I chose to go away from a list of values to an actual object. It makes it all this little bit easier 😉 Now we only need to put this all together and see the great effect. I chose red as a color and for the fun of it on selection, I let the font be italic, too. This section is put into the while mainloop loop. I am sure you can figure out in which section (Otherwise, see below)

            for item in self.items:
                if item.is_mouse_selection(pygame.mouse.get_pos()):
                    item.set_font_color((255, 0, 0))
                    item.set_italic(True)
                self.screen.blit(item.label, item.position)

If you have tried this out, you will have sure noticed that once you hovered over an item it will stay red and italic. That’s not really what we want, right? We obviously have to return to neutral, too.

                else:
                    item.set_font_color((255, 255, 255))
                    item.set_italic(False)

And there you go! We now recognise the menu items by mouse 🙂 Simple, isn’t it.

——————————————–
The entire code:

#!/usr/bin/python

import pygame

pygame.init()


class MenuItem(pygame.font.Font):
    def __init__(self, text, font=None, font_size=30,
                 font_color=(255, 255, 255), (pos_x, pos_y)=(0, 0)):
        pygame.font.Font.__init__(self, font, font_size)
        self.text = text
        self.font_size = font_size
        self.font_color = font_color
        self.label = self.render(self.text, 1, self.font_color)
        self.width = self.label.get_rect().width
        self.height = self.label.get_rect().height
        self.dimensions = (self.width, self.height)
        self.pos_x = pos_x
        self.pos_y = pos_y
        self.position = pos_x, pos_y

    def set_position(self, x, y):
        self.position = (x, y)
        self.pos_x = x
        self.pos_y = y

    def set_font_color(self, rgb_tuple):
        self.font_color = rgb_tuple
        self.label = self.render(self.text, 1, self.font_color)

    def is_mouse_selection(self, (posx, posy)):
        if (posx >= self.pos_x and posx <= self.pos_x + self.width) and \
            (posy >= self.pos_y and posy <= self.pos_y + self.height):
                return True
        return False


class GameMenu():
    def __init__(self, screen, items, bg_color=(0,0,0), font=None, font_size=30,
                    font_color=(255, 255, 255)):
        self.screen = screen
        self.scr_width = self.screen.get_rect().width
        self.scr_height = self.screen.get_rect().height

        self.bg_color = bg_color
        self.clock = pygame.time.Clock()

        self.items = []
        for index, item in enumerate(items):
            menu_item = MenuItem(item)#, '/home/nebelhom/.fonts/SHOWG.TTF')

            # t_h: total height of text block
            t_h = len(items) * menu_item.height
            pos_x = (self.scr_width / 2) - (menu_item.width / 2)
            # This line includes a bug fix by Ariel (Thanks!)
            # Please check the comments section for an explanation
            pos_y = (self.scr_height / 2) - (t_h / 2) + ((index * 2) + index * menu_item.height)

            menu_item.set_position(pos_x, pos_y)
            self.items.append(menu_item)

    def run(self):
        mainloop = True
        while mainloop:
            # Limit frame speed to 50 FPS
            self.clock.tick(50)

            for event in pygame.event.get():
                if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                    mainloop = False

            # Redraw the background
            self.screen.fill(self.bg_color)

            for item in self.items:
                if item.is_mouse_selection(pygame.mouse.get_pos()):
                    item.set_font_color((255, 0, 0))
                    item.set_italic(True)
                else:
                    item.set_font_color((255, 255, 255))
                    item.set_italic(False)
                self.screen.blit(item.label, item.position)

            pygame.display.flip()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    # Creating the screen
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 480), 0, 32)

    menu_items = ('Start', 'Quit')

    pygame.display.set_caption('Game Menu')
    gm = GameMenu(screen, menu_items)
    gm.run()

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